A Series of 69 COVID-related Dermatoses With Biopsy, Immunohistochemistry With Anti-spike 3, in situ Hybridization and PCR: A Critical Reappraisal of Viral Involvement in COVID-19 Skin Lesions / Serie de 69 dermatosis relacionadas con la COVID con biopsia, estudio inmunohistoquímico con anti-spike 3, hibridación in situ y PCR: Una revisión crítica de la afectación cutánea relacionada con la COVID-19

Background Despite the large number of articles published on skin lesions related to COVID-19, clinicopathological correlation has not been performed consistently and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate spike 3 protein expression has not been validated through RT-PCR. Material and method We compiled 69 cases of patients with confirmed COVID-19, where skin lesions were clinically and histopathologically studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR was performed in skin biopsies. Results After a careful review of the cases, 15 were found to be dermatosis not related to COVID-19, while the rest of the lesions could be classified according to their clinical characteristics as vesicular (4), maculopapular eruptions (41), urticariform (9), livedo and necrosis (10) and pernio-like (5). Although histopathological features were similar to previously reported results, we found two previously unreported findings, maculopapular eruptions with squamous eccrine syringometaplasia and neutrophilic epitheliotropism. IHC showed in some cases endothelial and epidermal staining but RT-PCR was negative in all the tested cases. Thus, direct viral involvement could not be demonstrated. Conclusions Despite presenting the largest series of confirmed COVID-19 patients with histopathologically studied skin manifestations, direct viral involvement was difficult to establish. Vasculopathic and urticariform lesions seem to be those more clearly related to the viral infection, despite IHC or RT-PCR negative results failed to demonstrate viral presence. These findings, as in other dermatological areas, highlight the need of a clinico-pathological correlation to increase knowledge about viral involvement in COVID-19 skin-related lesions (AU)

Antecedentes A pesar del gran número de artículos publicados sobre las lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la COVID-19, no se ha realizado una correlación clinicopatológica de manera consistente, y no ha sido validado el estudio de inmunohistoquímica para demostrar la expresión de la proteína spike 3 mediante RT-PCR. Material y métodos Recopilamos 69 casos de pacientes con COVID-19 confirmada, en los que se estudiaron las lesiones cutáneas a nivel clínico e histopatológico, habiéndose realizado la prueba inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) y RT-PCR en las biopsias cutáneas. Resultados Tras una revisión detallada de los casos, en 15 de ellos se encontró que la dermatosis no guardaba relación con la COVID-19, mientras que el resto de las lesiones podrían clasificarse de acuerdo con sus características clínicas como vesiculares (4), erupciones maculopapulares (41), urticariformes (9), livedo y necrosis (10) y de tipo perniosis (5). Aunque las características histopatológicas fueron similares a los resultados previamente reportados, encontramos dos hallazgos no reportados previamente: erupciones maculopapulares con siringometaplasia ecrina escamosa y epiteliotropismo neutrofílico. La IHQ reflejó en ciertos casos tinción endotelial y epidérmica, pero la prueba RT-PCR fue negativa en todos los casos probados. Por ello no pudo demostrarse el compromiso viral directo. Conclusiones A pesar de presentar la mayor serie de pacientes con COVID-19 confirmada y manifestaciones cutáneas histopatológicamente estudiadas, el compromiso viral directo fue difícil de establecer. Las lesiones vasculopáticas e urticariformes parecen ser las más claramente relacionadas con la infección viral, a pesar de que los resultados negativos de la IHQ o RT-PCR no pudieron demostrar la presencia viral (AU)

[Articulo traducido] Serie de 69 dermatosis relacionadas con la COVID-19 con biopsia, estudio inmunohistoquímico con anti-spike 3, hibridación in situ y PCR: Una revisión crítica de la afectación cutánea relacionada con la COVID-19 / A Series of 69 COVID-related Dermatoses With Biopsy, Immunohistochemistry With Anti-spike 3, in situ Hybridization and PCR: A Critical Reappraisal of Viral Involvement in COVID-19 Skin Lesions

Antecedentes A pesar del gran número de artículos publicados sobre las lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la COVID-19, no se ha realizado una correlación clinicopatológica de manera consistente, y no ha sido validado el estudio de inmunohistoquímica para demostrar la expresión de la proteína spike 3 mediante RT-PCR. Material y métodos Recopilamos 69 casos de pacientes con COVID-19 confirmada, en los que se estudiaron las lesiones cutáneas a nivel clínico e histopatológico, habiéndose realizado la prueba inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) y RT-PCR en las biopsias cutáneas. Resultados Tras una revisión detallada de los casos, en 15 de ellos se encontró que la dermatosis no guardaba relación con la COVID-19, mientras que el resto de las lesiones podrían clasificarse de acuerdo con sus características clínicas como vesiculares (4), erupciones maculopapulares (41), urticariformes (9), livedo y necrosis (10) y de tipo perniosis (5). Aunque las características histopatológicas fueron similares a los resultados previamente reportados, encontramos dos hallazgos no reportados previamente: erupciones maculopapulares con siringometaplasia ecrina escamosa y epiteliotropismo neutrofílico. La IHQ reflejó en ciertos casos tinción endotelial y epidérmica, pero la prueba RT-PCR fue negativa en todos los casos probados. Por ello no pudo demostrarse el compromiso viral directo. Conclusiones A pesar de presentar la mayor serie de pacientes con COVID-19 confirmada y manifestaciones cutáneas histopatológicamente estudiadas, el compromiso viral directo fue difícil de establecer. Las lesiones vasculopáticas e urticariformes parecen ser las más claramente relacionadas con la infección viral, a pesar de que los resultados negativos de la IHQ o RT-PCR no pudieron demostrar la presencia viral (AU)

Background Despite the large number of articles published on skin lesions related to COVID-19, clinicopathological correlation has not been performed consistently and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate spike 3 protein expression has not been validated through RT-PCR. Material and method We compiled 69 cases of patients with confirmed COVID-19, where skin lesions were clinically and histopathologically studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR was performed in skin biopsies. Results After a careful review of the cases, 15 were found to be dermatosis not related to COVID-19, while the rest of the lesions could be classified according to their clinical characteristics as vesicular (4), maculopapular eruptions (41), urticariform (9), livedo and necrosis (10) and pernio-like (5). Although histopathological features were similar to previously reported results, we found two previously unreported findings, maculopapular eruptions with squamous eccrine syringometaplasia and neutrophilic epitheliotropism. IHC showed in some cases endothelial and epidermal staining but RT-PCR was negative in all the tested cases. Thus, direct viral involvement could not be demonstrated. Conclusions Despite presenting the largest series of confirmed COVID-19 patients with histopathologically studied skin manifestations, direct viral involvement was difficult to establish. Vasculopathic and urticariform lesions seem to be those more clearly related to the viral infection, despite IHC or RT-PCR negative results failed to demonstrate viral presence. These findings, as in other dermatological areas, highlight the need of a clinico-pathological correlation to increase knowledge about viral involvement in COVID-19 skin-related lesions (AU)

A Series of 69 COVID-related Dermatoses With Biopsy, Immunohistochemistry With Anti-spike 3, in situ Hybridization and PCR: A Critical Reappraisal of Viral Involvement in COVID-19 Skin Lesions. / [Articulo traducido] Serie de 69 dermatosis relacionadas con la COVID-19 con biopsia, estudio inmunohistoquímico con anti-spike 3, hibridación in situ y PCR: Una revisión crítica de la afectación cutánea relacionada con la COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Despite the large number of articles published on skin lesions related to COVID-19, clinicopathological correlation has not been performed consistently and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate spike 3 protein expression has not been validated through RT-PCR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compiled 69 cases of patients with confirmed COVID-19, where skin lesions were clinically and histopathologically studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR was performed in skin biopsies. RESULTS: After a careful review of the cases, 15 were found to be dermatosis not related to COVID-19, while the rest of the lesions could be classified according to their clinical characteristics as vesicular (4), maculopapular eruptions (41), urticariform (9), livedo and necrosis (10) and pernio-like (5). Although histopathological features were similar to previously reported results, we found two previously unreported findings, maculopapular eruptions with squamous eccrine syringometaplasia and neutrophilic epitheliotropism. IHC showed in some cases endothelial and epidermal staining but RT-PCR was negative in all the tested cases. Thus, direct viral involvement could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Despite presenting the largest series of confirmed COVID-19 patients with histopathologically studied skin manifestations, direct viral involvement was difficult to establish. Vasculopathic and urticariform lesions seem to be those more clearly related to the viral infection, despite IHC or RT-PCR negative results failed to demonstrate viral presence. These findings, as in other dermatological areas, highlight the need of a clinico-pathological correlation to increase knowledge about viral involvement in COVID-19 skin-related lesions.

A Series of 69 COVID-related Dermatoses With Biopsy, Immunohistochemistry With Anti-spike 3, in situ Hybridization and PCR: A Critical Reappraisal of Viral Involvement in COVID-19 Skin Lesions.

BACKGROUND: Despite the large number of articles published on skin lesions related to COVID-19, clinicopathological correlation has not been performed consistently and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate spike 3 protein expression has not been validated through RT-PCR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compiled 69 cases of patients with confirmed COVID-19, where skin lesions were clinically and histopathologically studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR was performed in skin biopsies. RESULTS: After a careful review of the cases, 15 were found to be dermatosis not related to COVID-19, while the rest of the lesions could be classified according to their clinical characteristics as vesicular (4), maculopapular eruptions (41), urticariform (9), livedo and necrosis (10) and pernio-like (5). Although histopathological features were similar to previously reported results, we found two previously unreported findings, maculopapular eruptions with squamous eccrine syringometaplasia and neutrophilic epitheliotropism. IHC showed in some cases endothelial and epidermal staining but RT-PCR was negative in all the tested cases. Thus, direct viral involvement could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Despite presenting the largest series of confirmed COVID-19 patients with histopathologically studied skin manifestations, direct viral involvement was difficult to establish. Vasculopathic and urticariform lesions seem to be those more clearly related to the viral infection, despite IHC or RT-PCR negative results failed to demonstrate viral presence. These findings, as in other dermatological areas, highlight the need of a clinico-pathological correlation to increase knowledge about viral involvement in COVID-19 skin-related lesions.

[Description of clinical pathological concordance and patient satisfaction in minor surgery in a Primary Care centre]. / Descripción de la concordancia clinicopatológica y satisfacción del paciente en la cirugía menor en un centro de atención primaria.

AIM: To describe the minor surgery (MS) characteristics in a Primary Care (PC) centre, and to evaluate the clinical pathological concordance and patient satisfaction. DESIGN: Descriptive and retrospective study. SETTING: Primary Care, urban health care centre, Almería, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: The population were the patients belonging to urban Primary Health Care centre, referred by their family physicians or paediatricians for the performing of MS during year 2013, and who consented to the intervention. A sample of 223 patients was obtained. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Variables analysed were: sex, age, locations of the lesions, type of intervention, clinical diagnosis, histopathology diagnosis, complications, and patient satisfaction. The data were extracted from the medical history, the histopathology reports, and by using a satisfaction questionnaire completed by post or telephone by the patients. RESULTS: The population consisted of 53.8% males, and had a mean age of 51.12 years (SD 19.02). The location of the most intervened lesions was in the head (35.4%). Electro-surgery was the most used procedure (62.8%), with only 16.9% of the lesions being biopsied, of which the most frequent was fibroids (32.3%). The clinical pathological concordance was >80% and the Kappa index was 0.783 (P<.001). The complications presented were low. The patient's satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONS: Although a simple MS technique like electro-surgery has become more extensive, MS in PC remains safe and satisfactory for the user.

Granuloma anula papular umbilicado en un adolescente / Papular umilicatted granuloma annulare in an adolescent / Grauloma anular papular umbilicado em um adolescente

El granuloma anular es una enfermedad granulomatosa benigna con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas que incluye la forma localizada, generalizada, perforante, subcutánea, en parche, papular y lineal. El granuloma anular papular umbilicado es considerado una variante de la forma papular y en la literatura anglosajona se han reportado muy pocos casos. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente con pápulas eucrómicas asintomáticas en el dorso de las manos desde la infancia. La biopsia sugirió liquen nitidus, posteriormente la correlación clínico-patológica permitió hacer diagnóstico de granuloma anular papular umbilicado. Se resalta la importancia de este diagnóstico diferencial y la cronicidad de las lesiones.

The granuloma annulare is a benign granulomatous disease with different clinical manifestations including, localized, generalized, perforating, subcutaneous, patch type, papular and linear types. Papular umbilicated granuloma annulare is considered to be a variant of the papular type and in the Anglo-Saxon literature very few cases have been reported. We describe the case of an adolescent with asymptomatic skin colored papules on the dorsal aspect of the hands since infancy. The biopsy suggested lichen nitidus and after the clinicopathological correlation the diagnosis of papular umbilicated granuloma annulare was made. We highlight the importance of this differential diagnosis and the chronicity of the lesions.

O granuloma anular é uma doença granulomatosa benigna com diferentes manifestações clínicas que inclui a forma localizada, generalizada, perfurante, subcutânea, em parche, papular e linear. O granuloma anular papular umbilicado é considerado uma variante da forma papular e na literatura anglo-saxã foram relatados muito poucos casos. Apresenta-se o caso de um adolescente com pápulas acrômicas assintomáticas no dorso das mãos desde a infância. A biopsia sugeriu líquen nitidus, posteriormente a correlação clínico-patológica permitiu fazer diagnóstico de granuloma anular papular umbilicado. Destaca-se a importância deste diagnóstico diferencial e a cronicidade das lesões.

Linfomas de la órbita y anexos oculares: Correlación clínico patológica de 25 casos / Orbital and ocular adnexal lymphomas: Clinico-pathological correlation in 25 cases

Se evaluaron las características clínicas, histológicas y la evolución de una cohorte de pacientes con linfomas de la órbita y anexos oculares. Entre 1995 y 2008 se estudiaron 25 casos de linfomas de la órbita y anexos oculares en un centro oncológico de referencia. En cada caso se analizó el inmunofenotipo usando un panel de anticuerpos monoclonales (CD45, CD20, CD3, CD5, CD23, BCL2, BCL6, BCL10, Ki67, CD30, CD15, BCL1, Kappa, Lambda, CD138). Las lesiones fueron evaluadas utilizando el sistema de clasificación de linfomas (OMS, 2008). Se analizaron 23 linfomas primarios y dos secundarios. Los subtipos histológicos fueron: 16 linfomas B de la zona marginal asociados a las mucosas (MALT), cuatro linfomas difusos de células grandes B, dos linfomas foliculares y un paciente con linfoma Hodgkin. De los 25 casos estudiados, 22 presentaron estadios localizados. El linfoma MALT fue el subtipo más frecuente. En este estudio se observó enfermedad localizada en la mayoría de los casos y con baja progresión a distancia.

Clinical, histological features and outcome of a cohort of patients with orbital and adnexal lymphoproliferative tumors were evaluated. Twenty-five cases in an oncologic referral center from 1995 to 2008, were included in the study. Each case had detailed immunophenotypic analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (CD45, CD20, CD3, CD5, CD23, BCL2, BCL6, BCL10, Ki67, CD30, CD15, BCL1, Kappa, Lambda, CD138). Lesions were classified by using WHO (2008) lymphomas classification. Twenty-three patients were found to have primary and two secondary lymphomas. Histological subtypes were: 16 patients with marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, four diffuse large B cell lymphomas, two mantle cell lymphomas, two follicular lymphomas, and one Hodgkin lymphoma. Among the 25 patients studied, 22 had localized stage. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma was the most frequent type of primary orbital and adnexal lymphoma. In this study localized disease was observed in most cases, and distant spread of the lymphomas was infrequent.